Aniracetam
A fat-soluble racetam roughly 5-10x more potent than Piracetam by weight. Known for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties alongside cognitive enhancement — a combination that makes it popular for social situations and creative work. It modulates both glutamate and dopamine/serotonin systems, giving it a unique mood-lifting quality that other racetams lack.
Dosage
Standard: 750-1500 mg daily in 2 divided doses. Must be taken with fat for absorption (fat-soluble). Some users take up to 3000 mg daily.
Dosages shown are for research reference only. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
Half-Life
1-2.5 hours
Administration
Oral (capsules, powder). Must be taken with dietary fat for proper absorption due to lipophilicity.
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Mechanism of Action
Aniracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, binding to the allosteric site and slowing receptor desensitization, which prolongs excitatory postsynaptic currents and facilitates long-term potentiation. It also modulates group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/mGluR3), which regulate presynaptic glutamate release. Uniquely among racetams, aniracetam increases dopamine and serotonin release in the prefrontal cortex via modulation of monoamine transporter activity and vesicular release, contributing to its anxiolytic and mood-enhancing effects. It reduces GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus through indirect modulation of GABA-A receptors, facilitating NMDA receptor activation and memory consolidation. The lipophilic phenylacetyl group enables rapid blood-brain barrier penetration.
Regulatory Status
Prescription medication in Europe (Draganon, Ampamet). Not FDA-approved in the US. Available as a supplement/research compound.
Risks & Safety
Common
Headache (mitigated by choline supplementation), mild gastrointestinal discomfort, insomnia.
Serious
No serious adverse effects documented at standard doses.
Rare
Anxiety or overstimulation in sensitive individuals, dizziness.
Compare Aniracetam With
Research Papers
10Published: June 18, 2002
AI Summary
At present, there is no convincing evidence that promising effects of aniracetam in the animal models will guarantee its clinical efficacy. It is conceivable, however, that clinical trials will demonstrate beneficial effects of aniracetam in the above listed disease states.
Published: April 18, 2019
AI Summary
Pigeons were administered aniracetam via either intramuscular injection or orally, either 30 or 60 minutes prior to testing on a delayed matching-to-sample task. These findings add to the growing evidence that, while effective at improving memory function in models of impaired memory, aniracetam has no effect in improving memory in healthy organ...
Published: February 28, 1994
AI Summary
Results from trials in elderly patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment due to senile dementia of the Alzheimer type suggest that aniracetam may be of benefit, with further trials required to confirm its efficacy profile and to define more precisely those patients most likely to respond to treatment.
Published: March 20, 2025
AI Summary
Aniracetam administration improved these behavioral deficits, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for ADHD. The findings align with ADHD's pathophysiology, resembling the neurological impairments in TARP γ-8 KO mice.
Published: April 21, 2024
AI Summary
Aniracetam is a safe, effective, cognitive-enhancing drug that improves memory in both human and animal studies. This is the first paper to propose an evidence-based model for aniracetam reducing the accumulation and production of Aβ.
Published: August 5, 2014
AI Summary
We detected no significant differences between the naive, placebo, and experimental groups across all measures. Despite several studies demonstrating efficacy in impaired subjects, our findings suggest that aniracetam does not alter behavior in normal healthy mice.
Published: April 16, 1998
AI Summary
This report presents the results of a study on the sleeping effects in nine aged patients with insomnia associated with cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular disorders who received concomitant therapy with Zopiclone and Aniracetam.
Published: July 31, 1995
AI Summary
The possibility that at least some [3H]aniracetam binding sites are associated with glutamate receptors is supported by the evidence that specific binding was abolished when membranes were preincubated at 37 degrees C under fast shaking (a procedure that substantially reduced the amount of glutamate trapped in the membranes) and could be restore...
Published: September 21, 2002
AI Summary
Treatment of the cultures with aniracetam (1, 10 and 100 mM) during 24 h ischemia simulated in vitro significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells. These findings suggest that the protective effect of aniracetam is mediated by PI 3-kinase and MEK pathways in the downstream mechanisms.
Published: October 18, 2001
AI Summary
The cortical DA release induced by N-anisoyl-GABA applied to the VTA was also completely abolished by co-perfusion of mecamylamine. These results indicate that aniracetam enhances DA and 5-HT release by mainly mediating the action of N-anisoyl-GABA that targets not only somatodendritic nACh and NMDA receptors but also presynaptic nACh receptors.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Aniracetam used for?
A fat-soluble racetam roughly 5-10x more potent than Piracetam by weight. Known for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties alongside cognitive enhancement — a combination that makes it popular for social situations and creative work. It modulates both glutamate and dopamine/serotonin systems, giving it a unique mood-lifting quality that other racetams lack.
What are the side effects of Aniracetam?
Common: Headache (mitigated by choline supplementation), mild gastrointestinal discomfort, insomnia. Serious: No serious adverse effects documented at standard doses. Rare: Anxiety or overstimulation in sensitive individuals, dizziness.
How is Aniracetam administered?
Aniracetam is administered via oral (capsules, powder). must be taken with dietary fat for proper absorption due to lipophilicity..
What is the half-life of Aniracetam?
The half-life of Aniracetam is 1-2.5 hours.
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